Los determinantes socioeconómicos de la demanda de Educación Superior en España y la movilidad educativa intergeneracional.

This paper has a two-folded aim: the determinants of Higher Education demand and the intergenerational educational mobility will be analyzed. As database, the EU-SILC (2005) is proposed. Educational demand function is estimated with a dogit model, while educational mobility is approached by using mobility indexes and transition matrix. Main results, referring to Higher Education demand, show a positive and significant impact on demand of mothers’ attained educational level and gender issues, as long as the presence of children and un-employed in a household has a negative influence. On the other hand, and related to mobility, for the Spanish case, children are more likely to attain higher levels of education than their parents. Besides, parents attaining the highest education level is a strong determinant of their children educational level.Higher Education demand, dogit model, intergenerational educational mobility.

The use of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289 on oral health indexes in a school population: A pilot randomized clinical trial

To assess the effects of a probiotic upon oral health indices in adolescents and to establish relationships between these indices and dietary habits and oral hygiene. Twenty-seven adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age were randomized into two groups. The study group received tablets containing Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938/ATCC 5289 for 28 days, while the control group received tablets without any bacteria. Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus sp., and salivary pH were assessed at baseline and at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 45 days. The plaque, gingivitis, and bleeding indices were recorded at baseline and at 14, 28, and 45 days. Dietary and oral hygiene habits were also evaluated by means of a questionnaire. A less marked rise in S. mutans was recorded in the study group. Improvements were observed in terms of plaque, gingivitis, and bleeding, though statistical significance was not reached. Oral pH increased in the study group, though not to a significant degree. Poorer eating habits were significantly correlated to increased plaque. The study parameters decreased with the two strains of L. reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289, though the results failed to reach statisticalOdontologí

Compliance Surveillance of the Tobacco Control Legislation in a Spanish Region and Characterization of Passive Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and E-Cig in Children in Outdoor Spaces

Children; Smoking signage; Tobacco control legislationNiños; Señalización de fumar; Legislación de control del tabacoNens; Senyalització de fumar; Legislació de control del tabac(1) Background: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has decreased in recent years in Spain, due to the implementation of tobacco control policies. However, there is no regulation that protects against second-hand smoke (SHS) in outdoor environments. Our goal is to describe the smoking prohibition signage in public spaces and to characterize tobacco consumption in outdoor environments describing the SHS exposure in children. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study using direct observation was carried out with a convenience sample (n = 179) that included hospitality venues with terraces, schools and healthcare facilities in the municipality of Sant Cugat del Vallès (Barcelona, Spain). The observations were made without notifying the owners by one single field researcher between April and June 2018. The variables were evaluated by signage and signs of tobacco consumption (ashtrays, cigarette butts and presence of smokers). (3) Results: Smoke-free zone signage outside public spaces was present in 30.7% of all venues, with only 50.9% correctness. When analysing terraces of hospitality venues, in 35.8% of them there were children present with 66.7% of tobacco consumption. (4) Conclusions: Our results show a low prevalence of antismoking signage, without an impact on tobacco consumption regardless of the presence of children

Enfermedad meningocócica en España. Análisis de la temporada 2016-2017

[ES] La enfermedad meningocócica es de declaración obligatoria en España. Los casos se notifican de manera individualizada con periodicidad semanal, incluyendo información epidemiológica y microbiológica a través de la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE). La presentación de esta enfermedad en la población española ha sufrido cambios muy importantes. El uso de la vacuna frente al serogrupo C ha causado un gran descenso de la incidencia por este serogrupo. Además en la última década también han disminuido los casos por serogrupo B. En la temporada 2016-2017 se notificaron 321 casos, de los que se confirmaron 270 y la incidencia fue de 0,58 por 100.000 habitantes. Se presenta el análisis de los resultados generales de la vigilancia epidemiológica de la enfermedad meningocócica para la temporada 2016-2017 en España y su comparación con las previas. [EN] Meningococcal disease is notifiable in Spain. The cases were notified individually on a weekly basis, including epidemiological and microbiological information through the National Network of Epidemiological Surveillance (RENAVE). The incidence of this disease in the Spanish population has undergone very important changes. Vaccination against serogroup C has caused a large decrease in the incidence of this serogroup. In addition, in the last decade cases caused by serogroup B have also decreased. In the 2016-2017 season, 321 cases were notified, of which 270 were confirmed and the incidence was 0.58 per 100,000 inhabitants. We analyzed the results of the epidemiological surveillance of meningococcal disease for the 2016-2017 season in Spain and its comparison with the previous ones

Feasibility of 4D-Spatio Temporal Image Correlation (STIC) in the Comprehensive Assessment of the Fetal Heart Using FetalHQ®.

Fetal Heart Quantification (FetalHQ®) is a novel speckle tracking software that permits the study of global and regional ventricular shape and function from a 2D four-chamber-view loop. The 4D-Spatio Temporal Image Correlation (STIC) modality enables the offline analysis of optimized and perfectly aligned cardiac planes. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of 4D-STIC speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) using FetalHQ® and to compare it to 2D STE. We conducted a prospective study including 31 low-risk singleton pregnancies between 20 and 40 weeks of gestation. Four-chamber view volumes and 2D clips were acquired with an apex pointing at 45° and with a frame rate higher than 60 Hz. Morphometric and functional echocardiography was performed by FetalHQ®. Intra- and interobserver reproducibility were evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Our results showed excellent reproducibility (ICC > 0.900) for morphometric evaluation (biventricular area, longitudinal and transverse diameters). Reproducibility was also good (ICC > 0.800) for functional evaluation (biventricular strain, Fractional Area Change, left ventricle volumes, ejection fraction and cardiac output). On the contrary, the study of the sphericity index and shortening fraction of the different ventricular segments showed lower reproducibility (ICC < 0.800). To conclude, 4D-STIC is feasible, reproducible and comparable to 2D echocardiography for the assessment of cardiac morphometry and function

Situació epidemiològica de Cryptosporidium spp. a Catalunya

Criptosporidiosi; Epidemiologia; Sistema de notificació microbiològicaCriptosporidiosis; Epidemiología; Sistema de notificación microbiológicaCryptosporidiosis; Epidemiology; Microbiological notification systemS’han analitzat els casos confirmats de Cryptosporidium spp. seguint els criteris diagnòstics descrits a Criteris diagnòstics dels microorganismes que es declaren al Sistema de notificació microbiològica de Catalunya – Actualització de 2015, declarats a l’SNMC durant l’any 2023. Se n’ha analitzat l’estacionalitat, els grups d’edat i sexe, i la distribució pel territori. D’altra banda, s’han revisat els brots de gastroenteritis aguda (GEA) per Cryptosporidium spp. notificats a l’XVEC durant l’any 2023, i se n’ha analitzat la distribució per territori, àmbit d’exposició i font de la notificació. També s’han revisat els brots de GEA d’etiologia desconeguda notificats durant el mateix període

Identification of polyketide synthase genes required for aspinolide biosynthesis in Trichoderma arundinaceum

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00253-022-12182-9[EN] The fungus Trichoderma arundinaceum exhibits biological control activity against crop diseases caused by other fungi. Two mechanisms that likely contribute to this activity are upregulation of plant defenses and production of two types of antifungal secondary metabolites: the sesquiterpenoid harzianum A (HA) and the polyketide-derived aspinolides. The goal of the current study was to identify aspinolide biosynthetic genes as part of an effort to understand how these metabolites contribute to the biological control activity of T. arundinaceum. Comparative genomics identified two polyketide synthase genes (asp1 and asp2) that occur in T. arundinaceum and Aspergillus ochraceus, which also produces aspinolides. Gene deletion and biochemical analyses in T. arundinaceum indicated that both genes are required for aspinolide production: asp2 for formation of a 10-member lactone ring and asp1 for formation of a butenoyl subsituent at position 8 of the lactone ring. Gene expression and comparative genomics analyses indicated that asp1 and asp2 are located within a gene cluster that occurs in both T. arundinaceum and A. ochraceus. A survey of genome sequences representing 35 phylogenetically diverse Trichoderma species revealed that intact homologs of the cluster occurred in only two other species, which also produced aspinolides. An asp2 mutant inhibited fungal growth more than the wild type, but an asp1 mutant did not, and the greater inhibition by the asp2 mutant coincided with increased HA production. These findings indicate that asp1 and asp2 are aspinolide biosynthetic genes and that loss of either aspinolide or HA production in T. arundinaceum can be accompanied by increased production of the other metabolite(s).SIPublicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Current Status of Legislation on Dietary Products for Sportspeople in a European Framework

The consumption of nutritional ergogenic aids is conditioned by laws/regulations, but standards/regulations vary between countries. The aim of this review is to explore legislative documents that regulate the use of nutritional ergogenic aids intended for sportspeople in a Spanish/European framework. A narrative review has been developed from official websites of Spanish (Spanish Agency of the Consumer, Food Safety, and Nutrition) and European (European Commission and European Food Safety Authority) bodies. A descriptive analysis of documents was performed. Eighteen legislative documents have been compiled in three sections: (1) Advertising of any type of food and/or product; (2) Composition, labeling, and advertising of foods; (3) Nutritional ergogenic aids. In spite of the existence of these legal documents, the regulation lacks guidance on the use/application of nutritional ergogenic aids for sportspeople. It is essential to prevent the introduction or dissemination of false, ambiguous, or inexact information and contents that induce an error in the receivers of the information. In this field, it is worth highlighting the roles of the European Food Safety Authority and the World Anti-Doping Agency, which provide information about consumer guidelines, prescribing practices, and recommendations for the prudent use of nutritional ergogenic aids.This work has been partially funded by the “Fundación Séneca de la Región de Murcia” Grupo de Excelencia 19900/GERM/15

Early onset of azithromycin to prevent clad in lung transplantation: promising results of a retrospective single centre experience

Introduction: Azithromycin (AZI) may be an effective immune modulator in lung transplant (LT) recipients, and can decrease chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) rates, the leading cause of mortality after the first year post-LT. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of AZI initiation and its timing on the incidence and severity of CLAD in LT recipients. Methods: Single-center retrospective study, including LT recipients from 01/01/2011 to 30/06/2020. Four groups were established: those who started AZI at the 3rd week post-LT (group A), those who received AZI later than the 3rd week post-LT and had preserved FEV1 (B), those who did not receive AZI (C) and those who started AZI due to a decline in FEV1 (D). The dosage of AZI prescribed was 250 mg three times per week. CLAD was defined and graduated according to the 2019 ISHLT criteria. Results: We included 358 LT recipients: 139 (38.83%) were in group A, 94 (26.25%) in group B, 91 (25.42%) in group C, and 34 (9.50%) in group D. Group A experienced the lowest CLAD incidence and severity at 1 (p = 0.01), 3 (p < 0.001), and 5 years post-LT, followed by Group B. Groups C and D experienced a higher incidence and severity of CLAD (p = 0.015). Initiation of AZI prior to FEV1 decline (groups A and B) proved to be protective against CLAD after adjusting for differences between the treatment groups. Conclusions: Early initiation of AZI in LT recipients could have a role in decreasing the incidence and severity of CLAD. In addition, as long as FEV1 is preserved, initiating AZI at any time could also be useful to prevent the incidence of CLAD and reduce its severity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Funding Sources: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors

Diseño de un entorno de edición y publicación de metadatos por medio de herramientas masivas de importación, basado en la integración de ArcGis y Geonetwork

Hi ha una utilització de gran quantitat d'informació geogràfica en el marc de l'ETC-SIA i de la resta dels projectes del grup Interfase, i a causa d'això s'ha presentat la necessitat de catalogar i documentar correctament la informació. Per al desenvolupament del projecte es va tenir en compte quatre fases diferents les quals van ser l'anàlisi, disseny del programari, desenvolupament i implementació. Quant al desenvolupament i implementació és important ressaltar que el fet anteriorment va ser realitzat per mitjà d'un script en llenguatge Python, es tracta d'un llenguatge de programació multi paradigma, ja que suporta orientació a objectes, programació imperativa i en menor mesura, programació funcionalExiste una utilización de gran cantidad de información geográfica en el marco del ETC-SIA y del resto de los proyectos del grupo Interfase, y debido a esto se ha presentado la necesidad de catalogar y documentar correctamente la información. Para el desarrollo del proyecto se tuvo en cuenta cuatro fases diferentes las cuales fueron el análisis, diseño del software, desarrollo e implementación. En cuanto al desarrollo e implementación es importante resaltar que lo hecho anteriormente fue realizado por medio de un script en lenguaje Python, se trata de un lenguaje de programación multiparadigma, ya que soporta orientación a objetos, programación imperativa y en menor medida, programación funciona